Security keys are used for single sign-on (SSO), multi-factor authentication (MFA) and sometimes support FIDO Alliance authentication standards such as Universal Second Factor (U2F). In instances where the security key has a biometric capability, it serves as an inherence factor. The information a security key displays or its insertion of the key into, for example, a USB port serves as an additional possession factor. Security tokens, like smart cards, require a software integration with the primary device or system as part of its authentication mechanism. The two are quite similar although a smart card also requires card-reading hardware attached to the primary device.

These hardware devices work in tandem with the workstation, application, or other system in the way that a smart card does. Security keys are secondary devices that are dependent upon a primary device. Security keys are also called security tokens. A Security Key is a device that facilitates access, or stronger authentication, into other devices, online systems, and applications.

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